Oil-burning brooder



March. 11, 1930. D, B, TOLLEY 1,749,990

OIL BURNING BROODER Filed Nov. 8. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l .I /fl March ll,1930. n. B. 'roLLEY 1,749,990 on.. BURNING BRooD'nn mea Ngv. 8. 192s 2sheets-sheet 2 :Da/7d /o/ f7427/3 Y Patented Mar.` 11, 1930 i ff,

N UNITED STATES PATENT ,o oFFlCE "DOCNALD B. TOLLEY, or MACOMB,ILLINOIS, AssIenoR To `AIVIERJInLLi1\T STEEL PRODUCTS co.,` or MACOMB,ILLINOIS, n conronATIon vor ILLINoIs OIL-:BURNING Bnoonna Appueatiomneanovember s, 192s. serial No. 317,927.

My` invention relates to an oilburning heater of the general class inwhich the com `bustiongasespass through `a hollow heat- `radiating drum`before reaching the iue. a Y` Heatersof this class have heretofore beenarranged so that thecombustion gases circulate once around theinner wallof an annular drum, but in practicefthis single passage does `not afforda suiicientlylong' contact of the hot gases Vwith theouter wall of thedrum `to radiate any large proportion of the heat of the gases, so thatan undesirably large percentage ofthis heat passes up the tlue.Moreoverwith a drum of any considerable height,

"the hot gaseswill traverse the annular drum a chamber withjasplralmovement in which jthey only impinge against a small portion ofthe outer wall ofthe drum.

To increase the heat. radiation, it hashere tofore been proposed to usea two-story annular drumwith the hougases` circulating consecutlyely inthe same direction within l the lower and upper stories or annularchambers of this drum. a Even this double passage does not insuresutiicient heatradiation through the outer drum wall to adordaheatthrough more than two superposed annular chambers. i

o What ismore, a double circulating of the hot gases within the drum inthe `same direction along substantially the entire periphery of the drumintroduces the objection that r one side of the drum (namely that atwhich the gas inlet, the flue and the connection between the twosuperposed-chambers of the drum are located) isconsiderably hotter thanthe opposite side, Aso that the radiation of heat from the eXteriorfofthe drum is not distributed with even an approximate uni- `formityaround the drum. This lack of uniformity is lparticularly"disadvantageous when such a heater is used as part of a brooder forwarmingquiteyoung (and hence delicate) chicks.

" My present invention aims to overcome the` iirstof thcseobjections byproviding an annular heater drum in which the hot gases will circulatepartly in one direction and partly in the opposite directioncircumferentially of the drum. Moreover,` my invention provides a heaterconstruction which will enable even a short iue pipe to afford ampledraft for drawing the gases through more than two superposed annularchambers even Vwhen the barometer is low. i

A further objection encounteredwith annular drum types of heaters whenused in chicken brooders lies in theundue heating of the drum bottomoverwhich the hot gases initially pass. Since this drum bottom isrelatively close to the chicks (which can huddle or pass under it whenthe drum is raised from the` floor in the usual manner),

the downward heat radiation may be too intense for delicate chicks. i

My invention aims to overcome this objeo tion also by providing a drumtype heater in which the heated gases pass through the lower story orannular chamber of the drum only after they have first circulatedthrough a moreelevated chamber so as to have their temperature reducedby the outward radiation of heat from the more elevated chamber.

Another objection encountered with multi- A storied annular drums inheaters has been the diiiiculty of cleaning the annular chambers', so

" as to remove deposits of soot or the like Which seriously diminish theheat radiation; Heretofore, ithas been custmary to provide a side doorfor accessto each chamber, but with such a door opened,the user cannotreadily reachthe entire interior of the annular drum and hence is unableto keep the drum cham bers clean. Besides, the providing of suitablycurved doors together with the needed hinges and latches addsconsiderably to the cost and,

unless such doors are carefully fitted, may permit gases to escapeandpoison the chicks. My present invention aims to overcome theseobjections by providing a construction which will permit the entireinner wall of a multistoried annulardrum together with the top closurefor, this inner wall to be removed bodily, thereby affording the 'neededaccess to all interior portionsof the drum While perthrough anoil-burning brooder embodying mitting the use of a drum wall.

Moreover, my invention provides a heater in which the needed draft canreadily be obtained when the heating member (such as an oil burner) isdisposed entirely within the drum and above the bottom of the latter,

permanently closed outer and one which the flue draft is enhanced by I`direct heat applied to a portion of the collar of the flue pipe.

Still further and also more detailed objects will appear fromthefollowing specification and from the accompanying drawings, in whichFig. 1 is a central and vertical section my invention, with a hoverbroken away.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, taken from below the hover, withdotted lines indieating the ports in the upper and lower horiportion ofthe hood or p zontal partitions and also indicating the two spondinglynumbered lines in Fig. 4, with arthis burner being desi low drum.

rows showing the direction in'which the gases circulate in thecorrespondingchambers.

Fi 8v is a diagram (in perspective) showing t e path of the gases fromthe burner through the three superposed annular chambers of the drum totheflue.

lIn the illustrated embodiment, my oil-burning brooder includes spacedlegs 1 supporting both the bottom 2 of a hollow drum and the inturnedlower ends of the outer tubular Wall 3 of this drum. The bottom 2extends across the bottom of the inner tubular wall 4 and has suitableapertures for admitting air to an oil burner supported by this bottom,Unated generally by the numeral 5 and being lfiere'shown in the ty edisclosed in the copending application Nit). 314,866 filed October 25,1928, of William `Dow arvey on an oil burner.

The upper end portion 3A of the outer wall 3 has a casting 6 seated onit, Which casting has a central combustion chamber normally closedby adetachable lid 7 and also includes a fiue collar 8 fitting the flue pipe9 of the brooder. Extending above the` said casting and lid is the'topor canopy 10 of a hover 11 which flares downwardly and outwardly-beyondthe upper portion of the hol- (The means for supporting this hover arenot illustrated, since they form. no part of` my present invention.)

To.` permit,k this hover to come relatively close to the upper end ofthe drum, I desirably have the upper end portion 3A of the outer drumwall turned inwardly, as shown in Figs. 1 and 4. The annular drum space(namely, the space between the said inner and outer walls 3 and 4 abovethe bottom 2 and below the inturned upper end portion 3A) is dividedinto three stories by a lower horizontal partition 12 and an upperhorizontal partition 13. Each ofthese annular and horizontalpartitionsis desirably formed of a flat ring of sheet metal having verticalflanges at both its inner and outer edges, and the outer flange 14 oneach ring may be fastened (as by welding) to the outer drum wall 3. Theinner flange 15 on each horizontal partition slidably fits over theinner drum wall.4 but is not fastened to the latter.

The combustionchamber wall 4'has ana-outlet 16 for the products ofjcombustion disposed' between the two horizontal partitions and below thefiue collar 8, and the oil burner desirably includes a .flame spreader5A arranged for cooperating with the draft lof the burner to direct theissuing flame against the combustion chamber wall above the lowerpartition 12.v The second or intermediate annular chamber (between thetwo horizontal partitions) is divided' intoA halves by two verticalbaflles 17 and 1,8, the former (17) being adjacent to one lateral edgeof the, outlet 16.

The top annular chamber has a vertical baffle 19vat one sideA of theflue, collar 8, and the upper partition (which forms the bottom for tiistop chamber) has aport 20 at the opposite side of the bafile 19 fromlthe flue collar. The lower partition 12 has two ports 21 and 22respectively at opposite sides of the bafile 18 which is on the oppositeside of the drum from the outlet 16,v and the lowest annular chamber isintercepted directly below the bafile 18 by a vertical and also radialbaflie 23. Each of the several bailies is preferably fastened totheadjacent partition, so that the bafiles rigidly support the partitionsin horizontal ositions, and each baffle may also be securedJ (as bywelding) t'o the outer drum wall. So also, the lowest baille may besecured to the drum bottom.

With the parts thus constructed and arranged, the hot gases ofcombustion first enter the intermediate annular chamber through theoutlet 16 and then pursue the paths indicatedv by the arrowed lines inFigs. 5 tof8, as follows:

(A) Counterclockwise half way around I the intermediate chamber.

(B) Down through the port'21and clockwise around the bottom chamber.

(C) Up through the port 22 and counter (D) Up through the4 port 20andclockwise ".f

around the top chamber, then up Y and out f is not so hot as theintermediate chamber or section,`and the gases make substantially threeentire circuits adjacent to the outer wall 3 of the drum; The heating ofthe inner wall from the flames and hot gases within the combustionchamber, in which these gases tend to rise by convection toward the topof the drum, also aids in heating the upper chamber, thus intensifyingthe tendency of the gases within this upper chamber torise intothe'liue. i

This tendency is further enhanced by my employing a part of the fluecollar 8 as a portion of the inner wall of the annular drum, and all themore so when the lower portion offthis collar projects radially inwardinto the combustion chamber as shown `in the drawings. Consequently, Ican readily secure a sufficiently strong draft, even with ashort fluepipe and a low barometric condition, to drawv the combustion gasesAthrough the drum in a circuitous path in which these gases flowdownward during a part of their travel, although convection would urgethem upwardly.

Moreover, the combustion gases while traversing both halves of theintermediate chamber move inthe opposite direction (circumferentially ofthe drum) with respect to those in both the bottom and the top chambers.Hence I secure a better equalization of the temperaturecircumferentially of the drum than can be obtained with the nowcustomary hollow drum heaters in which the combustion gases continuouslymove in one circumferential direction. I To aord access to the burner, Iprovide a canopy lid 24 directly over the drum lid 7 as a detachableportion of the canopy top of the hover.` The entire canopy is preferablyarranged so that it can be lifted off when `the drum is to be cleaned,after which the bolts 26 (Fio'. 4) which secure the casting 6 to theouter dcium wall are detached.` The unit consisting of the inner drumwall 4 and the flue 'a'id in rigidly supporting the two'horizontalpartitions, so that thelatter retain their flat shapes although notfastened at their inner ends to the inner drum wall 4. Hence ther-emovability-of the above mentioned unit does not prevent my providinga rigid as-l sembly which will readily withstand rough handling both intransit and in use. By pro-- vidin g these baliles with flanges alongall four edges, I can readily secure an adequate seal at these edges toavoid any appreciable leak` age past the baflies. i

` Owing to the eect-ive draft secured in heater, I can also dispose theoilburner entirely within the drum,- instead of having it considerablylower where the Vintensity of its direct laterally radiated heat mightinjure some of the chicks, and save the expense of an additional lowerchamber for housing the burner.

However, while I have illustrated and described my invention in aheaterdesigned for use as part of a chicken brooder, I do not wish to belimited to the purpose for which my heater is employed. limited to thedetails of the construction and arrangement abovcdescribed, sincechanges might obviously be made withoutdeparting Neither do I wish tobei either from the spirit of my invention or from the appended claims.

I claim as my invention: i

l. A heater comprising an annular drum having an outlet adjacent to itstop, annular partitions dividing the hollow drum into superposedchambers, a heating device within the combustion chamber, an outlet inthe combustion chamber wall, ports in the partitions, and upright andsubstantially radial baliies extending from the inner to the outerdrum'wall; the balfles being so arranged with respect to the ports, andthe first named outlet as to compel the combustion gases from theheating device to flow within the drum in a circuitous path lin whichthe gases flow circumferentially of the drum in opposite directions in`two superposed sections.

2. A heater comprising an annular drum having an outletadj acent to itstop, annular partitions dividing the hollow drum into superposedchambers, a heating device within 'the combustion chamber, an outlet inthe combustion chamber wall, ports in the partitions, and upright andsubstantially radial baliies extending from the inner to the outer Vdrumwall; the baffles being so arranged with respect to the ports, and theoutlets as to com- `pel the combustion gases from the heating device toflow within the' drum in a circuitous path in which the gases flowthrough a y portion of one section before flowing through a relativelylower section.

3. lA heater comprising an annular drum having an outlet adjacent to itstop,`annular partitions -dividing the hollow drum into Asuperposedchambers, a heating device with- Iilo in combustion chambers. am outletinv the combustion chamber wall,v port/sfY in. the? partitions, andupright and substantially; radial baflles extending romthe inner to theouter drmnwall; thefbaiesbeing so arranged with respect tno-.the` ports,ther first vnamed outlet as to compel the combustion gases from theheating device; to flow-within the drum in a circuitous path inwhieh;the gases flow conseeutively through aportion of the intermediatesectiomthen throughthe lowest section, next through anotherportionv ofthe intermediate Section, and" last through. the top section.

4; A heater comprising a hollow drum having an outlet adjacent toits topandan outlet in its combustion; chamber, annular horizontal partitionssubdividingthe annu,- lar spacebetweentheinner andouter walls of thedrum into superposed annular sections; and substantially.radialbafllesextending withinthe said sections,l the baiilesbeingprovided with portssodisposed with respect to the baillesas to compel;gases to traverse all of the saidf sections inflowing from thecombustion chambergoutlet to thefirst named outlet; and a top membernormally closing the upper end of the hollowdrum, the inner wallof'thedrum=beingfastened to theI top member and slidably fitting theinner edges of the artitions;

5'.' A eater as; per-claimrhinwhich thetop memberV includesv a fluecollar,A having aY portion thereof effectively formi-ng partof the innerwall of the hollowdrurny.V

6; Aheater as per claim 4, in which the top member includes a fluecollar.` projecting: radially into the combustion chamber of; the drumbelow thetopA of' the drum 7. Aheaterasper clai'mA', in Which-` eachbathe is secured: at itaouter edge to, thefouter drumwall and hasatitsinner edge alange slidably engaged by the-inner dnumlwa'lliduringtheassembling of-'the heater.'

8. A heater comprising an, annulardrum having an outlet adjacent to itstop andan outlet in its combustion chamber-,vV annular horizontalpartitionsv subdividing, the annular space between` the'innerand outerwalls ofthe drum into superposedannularsections, and substantially.`radiall batlles: extending within the said-sections, the-bafllesbeingprovided with ports so; disposed with respect; t0thelbames-astocompel gases to traverseall of the said sections ,-in.flowingfrom the; combustionA chamber outlet toy the: firstl namedoutlet; and a` l1eating-device disposed; withiny the combustionlchamberv and" havingits heat-emitting portioni below Athe said'v inlet:

9. A heatercomprising an annularl drum and twoverticallyspacedannular'horizontal partitionsfdividing the annular spacebetween the inner'and.- outenwa'lls of? the drumz into three superposed;sections; the upperesection having an outlet, and the intermediate secisat the opposite side-of the drum from the outlet;vthe upper` annularpartition having a port onthe opposite side ofV therst named bafile fromthe outlet; and the lower annular partition .having twoportsrespectivelyat oppositesides of the fourth partition.

10. A heater including al bottomplate provided near-its center with an.air. inlet,y two radially spaced drum walls supported by the bot-tomlplate andl havinga common vertical axis, a drum top memberl supported bythe outer drum wall and havingl an. outlet port therein a burnersupported above and near the bottom plate, andi annular horizontal andvertically spaced partitions. dividing the annular space' between theinner and. outer drum Walls into; superposedA chambers; in combinationwith" radial and upright baiiies inthe saidchambersports in thepartitions, and an outlet portintheinner wall above one; of the'Lpartitions; substantially as and for thepurpose described.

111;. A4 heaterA as. per claim 10, in whichthe partitions and baflies.-are securedand s nb-` stantiallysealedjboth toeachgoth'er and to theouter drum wall; thel partitions and bales all extending close to.f butbeing unsecured tothe inner drum.y wall, so as to permit the removal ofthe latter.

1-2; AIk heater comprising an annular drum having anoutlet port adjacentto its top and al second port in its inner wall above the bottombf; thedrum; closuresffor both ends of;` the drum, ali'eating device within thecombustion chamber and below the said second pont, two verticallyspacedI annular parti-y tions'dividing the space between the inner and,outer drumwalls into superposed chambers, vertical andy substantiallyradial baffles subdividin g the chambers, andpartition ports in thepartitions adjacent to the baffles; the' partition ports beingsodisposed as` to compel the combustion--gasesYfrom the heating; device totraverse aportionofl an; intermediate sectionbefore passing througheither the lower ont-heupper section.

13. heater as-per claim 12including ay flue c ollar associatedfvwiththeoutlet port and presentinga-Walllportionwithin the combustion chamberto direct heat from the heating device, whereby the direct heatingoftheflue.

-llO

collar augmente the draft through the outlet r port.

14'. A heater as er claim 12, in which the heating device is a urnerconstructed for directing its flame against the combustion chamber wallbelow the top of the outlet. y 15. A heater including an outer drumwall, .a bottom plate extending across the lower end of the said walland secured to the latter, a combustion chamber wall of smaller diameterthan the outer drum and loosely seated on the bottom plate, a top membernormally closing the upper end of both drum walls and detachable fromthe outer drum wallbut fastened to the combustion chamber wall; and aperforate annular partition extending horizontally between the inner andouter drum walls and secured only to the latter, the partition beingfreely spaced from the bottom plate and the top member.

16. A heater as per claim 15, in which the top member includes adetachable lid disposed for aordng access to the space within thecombustion chamber wall.

` Signed at Macomb, Illinois, October 27th,

DONALD B. TOLLEY.

